Solar Power Plant: How it Works & Benefits
Table of Contents
Introduction
In the today’s climate of growing energy needs and the increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be the investigated. One such alternative is the solar energy. Solar energy is the quite simply energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of the hydrogen to helium every second..
The process creates heat and the electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in sun and is the instrumental in the maintaining thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation including visible light, infrared light, and the ultra-violet radiation streams out into space in all the directions. Only the very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of the energy used the today.
Solar Power Generation
Concerning solar power generation equipment in Cabot Verde, two mega solar power plants were constructed and went into operation in 2010 on Santiago Island and Sal Island respectively utilizing funds from the Government of Portugal. These plants have rated output of 4.28MW and 2.14MW respectively, making them smaller than wind power p lands. Since Cabot Verde has hardly any rainfall, even though solar radiation conditions are good, sands and dry soil carried by strong winds off the continent cause the solar panels to become covered in dust; moreover, because the absence of rainfall means that no rain washing effect can be anticipated, generating capacity deteriorates.
We choose solar energy because
- Solar energy is a clean and the renewable energy source.
- Once a solar panel is the installed, solar energy can be produced free of the charge.
- Solar energy will last forever whereas it is the estimated that world’s oil reserves will last for the 30 to 40 years.
- Solar energy causes no pollution.
- Solar cells make the absolutely no noise at all. On the other hand, giant machines utilized for the pumping oil are extremely noisy and the therefore very impractical.
- Very little maintenance is needed to the keep solar cells running. There are no moving parts in the solar cell which makes it impossible to the really damage them.
- In the long term, there can be a high return on investment due to the amount of free energy a solar panel can produce, it is the estimated that average household will see 50% of their energy coming in from the solar panels.
Abstract
Today energy is the main inspiration for the socio-economic development. But due to the incremental rate of environmental concern renewable energy provide the significant interest. This alternative power source is the continuously achieving greater popularity due to the continuous reduction in the fossil fuels. It is the energy comes from the sun, wind, rain etc. Among the non-conventional, renewable energy sources, solar energy affords great potential for conversion into the electric power. Maximizing power output from the solar system is desirable to the increase efficiency. In the order to maximize power output, needs to keep panels aligned with the sun. This paper deals with the electricity generation using the solar power.
Solar Energy Industry in India
Solar energy is one of the purest and clean forms of the energy we receive on earth, without any the environmental degradation. Thanks to the never-ending solar radiations we receive, it is the responsible for all the life processes taking place on the earth. If we tap into this energy systematically, this can be the largest source of energy, and even a tenth of the energy from solar rays on earth can be the solve entire energy crisis In the India, however, potential of energy from solar rays is the about 750GW. If this energy is the utilized, we won’t need any other source of energy in the country.
There are many ways converting solar energy to the electricity, but most widely used ones are by the using photovoltaic cells also called solar cells and the concentrated solar power, where solar rays are focused and the concentrated power generates heat to the run solar plant. Solar energy has gained a lot of the significance in recent decade, due to shortage of non-renewable sources of the energy. As on the 30 June 2015, installed grid connected solar power capacity is the 4,060.65 MW, and India expects to install the additional 10,000 MW by 2017 and a total of the 100,000 MW by 2022.
Need of solar power system
The increasing demand for energy, continuous reduction in the existing sources of fossil fuels and the growing concern regarding environment pollution, have pushed mankind to the explore new technologies for the production of electrical energy using the clean, renewable sources, such as the solar energy, wind energy, etc. Among the non- conventional, renewable energy sources, solar energy affords great potential for the conversion into electric power, able to the ensure an important part of the electrical energy needs of the planet. Solar energy is the free, practically inexhaustible and the involves no polluting residues or the green gases emissions.
Advantages of solar power
- The energy and heat from the sun is free and the unlimited.
- Solar power is the non-polluting. Solar power usage does not emit any greenhouse gases or the harmful waste.
- Solar power is the perfect and saving for power generation in the remote areas or where cost of the expansion utility grid is the high.
- Solar power is the versatile. It can be the used for low-power purpose as well as the larger ones – from the hand-held calculators, watches, and the solar powered garden lights to the water heaters, cars, buildings and the satellites.
- Also due to the simple construction and low maintenance cost solar energy systems are mainly used for the generation purpose.
How solar energy is converted into current
Solar cells are systems that are composed of the semiconductor materials and the convert solar energy directly into the current. The amount of electrical energy which will be the obtained is directly proportional to the intensity of sunlight that falls on the photovoltaic (PV) panel. When the light falls on device light photons are the absorbed by semiconducting material and the electric charge carriers are the generated. The relation between incident photon energy and the frequency is the
W = where = Planck constant and = frequency.
Silicon is the most abundant element available on the earth surface and mostly of the solar cells fabricated the using them.
History
Energy is the primary and most universal measure of the all kinds of work by human beings and the nature. Primarily, it is the gift of nature to the mankind in various forms. The consumption of energy is the directly proportional to progress of the mankind. With ever growing population, improvement in the living standard of the humanity, industrialization of the developing countries, global demand for the energy increases day by day.
The primary source of energy is the fossil fuel, however finiteness of the fossil fuel resources and large scale environmental degradation caused by their widespread use the particularly global warming, urban air pollution and the acid rain, strongly suggests that harnessing of the non-conventional, renewal and the environmental friendly.
Solar thermal power plants
Solar thermal power plants produce electricity by the converting solar radiation into the high temperature heat using mirrors and the reflectors. The collectors are referred to as the solar-field. This energy is the used to heat a working fluid and the produce steam. Steam is then used to the rotate a turbine or power an engine to drive a generator and the produce electricity All CSP plants are based on the four basic essential systems which are collector, receiver absorber, transport storage and the power conversion. Parabolic Trough, Solar towers, Parabolic Dishes and the Linear Fresnel Reflectors are the four main technologies that are the commercially available today. The details are given the below.
Measurement of Solar Radiation
Measurements may to be the direct or indirect. Direct methods are those involving use of the devices such as pyrheliometers and the pyrometers at radiation stations. Indirect methods use satellite data, number of the sunshine hours, or extrapolation to the arrive at values for radiation at the place. The solar radiation data should to be the measured continuously and accurately over the long term.
Unfortunately, in most areas of the world, solar radiation measurements are not easily available due to the financial, technical or institutional limitations solar radiation is the measured using pyrheliometers and the pyrometers. Angstrom and the Thermoelectric Pyrheliometers are used for the measurement for direct solar radiation and the global solar radiation is the measured using Thermoelectric Pyrometer. A Thermoelectric Pyrometer with a shading ring is the used for measurement of the diffuse radiation.
Performance of solar power plants
The performance of solar power plants is the best defined by the Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF), which is the ratio of actual electricity output from the plant, to maximum possible output during the year. The estimated output from the solar power plant depends on the design parameters and can be the calculated, using standard the software. But since there are several variables which contribute to the final output from a plant, the Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) varies over a wide range.
These could be on the account of poor selection quality of the panels, debating of modules at higher temperatures, other design parameters like the holmic loss, atmospheric factors such as prolonged cloud cover and the mist. It is the essential therefore to list various factors that contribute to the plant output variation. The performance of the power plant however depends on the several parameters including late location, solar insolation levels, the climatic conditions specially temperature, technical losses in the cabling, module mismatch , soiling losses, the MPPT losses, transformer losses and the inverter losses.
How much energy does one panel produce?
Electrical energy is the generally measured in the kilowatt-hours (kWh). If a solar panel produces 100 watts for the 1 hour, it has produced 100 watt-hours or the 0.1 kWh. The amount of energy produced per day will depend on the area, shading, orientation, and the watt-class of the panel. In the areas with high irradiation, the properly oriented panel that produces the 100 Watts at noon on the sunny day will produce an average of the about 0.5 kWh/day during winter and the 0.8 kWh/day during summer months.
Application on Solar Application
- Solar Water bulb
- The solar roof on the bus
- Solar lantern or the solar charging Light
- Solar the Mobile charger
- Solar water Irrigation system
- Solar the room heating system
- Solar Charging station
- Solar the LED Tree
- Solar Garden spic light
- Solar fountain Light
- Solar Portable system
- Solar Bag
- Solar Cap
- Solar Helmet
- Solar Rooftop system
- Solar the home Application
- Solar for the farming
- Solar Bus Station Charging the System
- Solar Thrasher
- Solar Grass Cutter Machine
- Solar Decorated LED Light
- Solar Gift Products
- Solar Bamboo Light
- Solar Mushroom Light
System Sizing Calculation Method
This is the simplified, laypersons overview of how solar energy systems calculations are the made. The solar estimates provided via our Agencies and the Earth Ambassador Agents are much more complex and the complete. This simplified overview is the meant only to provide reader with the very basic understanding of the some solar energy system calculation methods. The easy way is to the use My Solar Estimator Solar Calculator link below but you should read this entire page to the gain an understanding of the how Solar PV system is properly sized and the outputs calculated.
Basic Solar Math’s
How much electricity is the produced by the solar panel? What about roof-top the installation? You will be the find some basic calculations here below. The Watt measures rate of the energy conversion and it is the main unit of the power used in the photovoltaic.
1 the kilowatt (kW) 1000 watts
1 the megawatt (MW) 1000 kW or the 1000000 watts
1 the gig watt (GW) 1000 MW or the 1000000000 watts
1 the Terawatt (TW) 1000 GW or the 1000000000000 watts
The PW P = peak peak-performance of the module
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