Auto Safety Devices – Seatbelts & Airbags in Car Accidents

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Introduction

One of the most sophisticated technological advances on the planet has become a crucial part of everyday the human life. The progression and development of the automobile has led to an increase in the dangers related to it’s the operation. Today’s modern vehicles are the equipped with many devices that help prevent serious injury in the event of a crash or help avoid an accident all of the together. Most average drivers may recognize the names of some common safety devices in their vehicle but many lack the knowledge of how these devices effectively work in the providing them with a safe driving experience each the day.

Initial Research Overview

The initial development phase was advanced by the conducting research on information pertaining to the determined problem statement and primary the objective. A list was compiled of all the automobile safety devices and technologies that are the present on modern automobile the systems. The technologies in this list were sorted into the three categories active safety systems passive safety systems and the safety luxuries.

Each of the technologies was accompanied by a description of their function as well as the relevant links with more information on the them. Once this list was constructed we needed to the decide upon which technologies we would research the further. To do this a campus wide survey was distributed to evaluate the educational level of community to determine which the safety devices pertain to the problem statement.

Safety System

Primary Objectives Of Safety

Based on the problem statement described above a list of the objectives has been determined to the outline this project and provide a viable solution to the problem.

  • Identify the several significant automobile safety devices and the technology involved.
  • Illustrate the how each device works and distinguish the purpose of those devices.
  • Identify the several significant automobile safety devices and the technology involved.
  • Illustrate the how each device works and distinguish the purpose of those devices.
  • To the provide a medium in which the user can be touch and see these devices the safely.

Today’s technology has brought upon numerous types of the safety devices in today’s modern the automobiles. These devices can be range from the traditional safety belt invention better known as the Seatbelt to more sophisticated systems such as the Electronic Stability Control that can help the driver maintain control of the vehicle and prevent serious the injury.

While many of these technologies have been incorporated into the modern automobile that we drive today many drivers and the passengers of these vehicles have little to no the understanding of how some of these devices function the properly.

Car safety features

Safety Devices

This section covers the research done on the history and functionality of each safety device that was chosen to educate the community on.

1.Seatbelt System

Seatbelts function to the keep an occupant safely in their seat during both regular automobile operation and the collision.

1.Seatbelt History The First Belt

Seatbelt like devices have been around since the early 19th century although they were not used in the automobiles. In the early 1950’s lap belt type seatbelt’s began to be offered in the automobiles. The modern three-point seatbelt utilized today was invented by Nils Bolin in the 1949. In 1959 Volvo became the first automobile manufacturer to implement it in the production vehicles. The three-point seatbelt offered tremendous improvements over the previous lap belt the design.

Three points seat belt

2.Seatbelts How do they work

 The seatbelt is specifically designed to keep the occupants body safely in the seat as well as fit comfortably over the occupant’s shoulder and pelvis with minimal the restriction. Most modern seatbelts use the locking retractors to stop a belt from extending during a quick the deceleration. These retractors use the pendulum mechanism that locks a belt in place when the pendulum swings too far away from its rest the position. A feature present on newer seatbelts is the pre-tensioners.

3.The Safety Restraint System

The safety-restraint system is the combination of the seatbelt and airbag features synchronized to provide the most effective way of reducing injuries from the automobile collisions. The seatbelt system works hand in hand with the air bag system to absorb most energy exerted from the moving body.

2.Airbag System

The airbag system functions to the absorb impact of human body during and the automobile collision.

1.The History of Airbags

In 1951 the first air bag safety system was the developed by Walter Slanderer a German and John Hedrick the American. This is device initially operated using compressed air that proved to be the ineffective due to its lack of speed in the deployment. In the 1971 Ford began experimenting with the airbags while in 1973 Chevrolet began offering them for the government vehicles.

2.Airbags How do they work

Airbags deploy when a sensor detects a collision of the certain threshold typically equivalent to a 14 mile per hour barrier the collision. When a collision exceeds this is threshold a signal is sent to an inflator by the sensor. The inflator contains an igniter that ignites sodium aside a solid the propellant.

This creates a large volume of the nitrogen gas and inflate airbag in one twenty-fifth of the second. The airbag is coated in powder to reduce friction and the immediately begins to deflate to decrease the force at which occupant comes into the contact with it.

Airbag system

3.The Safety Restraint System

 Along with the seatbelts airbag is a crucial part of safety restraint the system. The safety restraint system reduces the risk of injury through absorption of the energy exerted through human body during the impact. Upon the moment of impact the seatbelt retracts any slack to the absorb some of inertia of human body moving the forward. The strength of this is force requires the gradual release of seatbelt as the body moves forward in which the airbag is deployed to absorb the remaining amount of energy and safely bring the human body to a complete stop without serious the injury.

3.Braking System

The Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) is a safety the system designed to prevent the wheels of a motor vehicle from locking up while the braking.

1.The Problem Braking Without ABS

Most automobiles today the possess a braking system to help stop the vehicle when it is in the motion. The most common method of the braking on a motor vehicle is through the application of a brake pad fixed to the vehicle body and a brake disc Rotor that is fixed to the wheel in the motion.

When these two parts come in the contact by applying the brake friction acts upon both parts resulting in the vehicular deceleration. Depending on the vehicle’s initial speed and the traction of wheels on the road possibility exists where the friction between brake-pad and the brake disc become so great that rotor and the wheel cease to rotate and result in the wheel-locking.

Anti-lock Braking system

2.The History of ABS

First developed for aircraft use in the 1950s Dunlop’s Minaret became the first Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) system to be widely used in the aviation world. This system effectively decreased stopping distances and the eliminated tire bursts on Aircraft the landings.

It wasn’t until the 1970s when Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) systems became a mainstream in the automotive industry. Chrysler along with the Bendy Corporation is credited amongst the first to introduce a computerized all-wheel antilock brake the system called Sure Brake and the was implemented on  1971 Chrysler the Imperial.

Types of Impacts in Car Accidents

The Impacts In Car Accidents Are Of the Three Types.

1.Vehicle Impact

The initial strike involves the exterior of vehicle crashing into something such as the another vehicle. Factors to the consider here are weight of the vehicles or objects the speed of travel and how fast vehicle the stopped. These factors all dictate the force exerted with speed being the one that has largest potential the impact. The weight of a vehicle proportionally heightens the amount of force however speed does so the exponentially thus it greatly affects the potential severity.

2.Body Impact

The second impact is the result of occupant’s body striking something inside of the vehicle. The body will typically be thrust toward the point of exterior impact and either be restrained by the seat belt or stopped by striking an inside object both of which are the dangerous. It is the also critical to remember that any unsecured objects within the vehicle may also become potentially damaging the projectiles. Examples of the such objects may include a glass beverage container a briefcase or the tool box.

3.Organ Impact

The third impact relates to damage occurring inside of body such as to the internal organs. A common example the occurs when your brain abruptly strikes the skull that surrounds it. Organs that are the solidly composed like the spleen or liver may be fractured and suffer the harmful bleeding. Key vessels like the aorta could be damaged which is the largely responsible for blood flow creating a potentially the deadly situation.

Future Possibilities & Improvements

This section will discuss the possibilities for the future of this project and will the highlight areas that can be improved with this project based on the results and lessons the learned. One of the major areas in which this project could be improved is the reducing its size. While its final size was the significantly smaller than the original designs size it is still too large to the easily transport. If we were to the repeat this project we would design it such that it could fit in the standard automobile and sit on a table top instead of having its own the stand.

Necessary features of a safe vehicle body

  • Deformable yet stiff front structure with the crumple zones to absorb the crash kinetic energy from frontal the collisions.
  • Deformable rear structure to the safeguard rear passenger compartment and protect the fuel tank.
  • Properly designed side structures and the doors to minimize intrusion inside the impact and prevent doors from opening due to the crash loads.
  • Strong roof structure for the rollover protection.
  • properly designed the restraint systems with working in harmony with the vehicle structure.
  • Accommodate various chassis designs for the different power train locations and drive the train configurations.

History

Automobile safety may have become an issue almost from the beginning of mechanized road vehicle the development. The second steam-powered Faddier artillery tractor created by the Nicolas-Joseph Cannot in 1771 is reported by some to the have crashed into a wall during its demonstration the run.

However according to Georges Age on the earliest mention of this occurrence dates from the1801 and it does not feature in contemporary the accounts. One of the earliest recorded automobile fatalities was Mary Ward on the August 31 1869 in Parsons Town the Ireland.

Active Safety

The basic principle of active safety is to assure that a vehicle will the always perform its basic functions of the moving turning and stopping. Many automobile manufacturers endeavor to the improve these basic functions by consistently the incorporating state-of-the-art technologies. New technologies are the being developed that will actively support driving safety using the today’s advanced electronics. As a result new systems have been the developed such as VSC, ABS and Brake assist which are now used in the many cars.

Safety trends

Despite technological advances the about 33,000 people die every year in the U.S. Although the fatality rates per vehicle registered and per the vehicle distance travelled have steadily decreased since the advent of significant vehicle and driver regulation the raw number of fatalities generally increases as a function of the rising population and more vehicles on the road.

Conclusion

We started out by the defining our objectives to identify important automobile safety the devices research their purpose and the functionality and find a medium to present this is information. After coming up with these objectives a survey was the conducted to assist in finding which automobile safety devices would be the most worthwhile in researching and the presenting. From there automobile safety devices to the cover were chosen and we started the conducting in depth background research on the each device.

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